Modeling of radionuclide transport processes in the environment and the human body and dosimetry

For modeling of radionuclide transport processes in the environment, RPI uses approaches that are most appropriate for an exposure situation for which it is necessary to evaluate environmental contamination and doses to the human. Usually, these approaches consist of the implementation of the models described in normative documents in software developed for these purposes.

The details of modeling the radionuclide transport processes in the environment and the human body can differ significantly for planned and emergency exposure situations. The main reason for such differences is the need to eliminate unnecessary conservatism and to obtain a smaller error for high levels of environmental contamination, intake values, and doses to the human.

The RPI specialists are the authors of many normative and methodical documents containing a description of the above-mentioned models, and the developers of the appropriate software. Depending on the exposure situation, to model the transport processes of radionuclides in the environment and the human body, the RPI specialists, in particular, use such documents agreed upon by regulatory authorities (Ministry of Health of Ukraine, State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine), and the software:

• Planned exposure situation (normal operating conditions of nuclear facilities):
  • Public exposure:
    • Normative and methodical documents:
      • Monitoring of doses of critical groups of the population of the Rivne NPP supervision zone (during routine atmospheric and liquid discharge). Guidance, 2006
      • The procedure for establishing permissible levels for liquid and atmospheric discharges of Ukrainian NPPs (radiation-hygienic rules of group I). Guidance, 2002
    • Software:
      • RNPP_Doses – System for the calculation of doses to the critical groups of the population in the Rivne NPP’s supervision zone
      • FCT – Functional complex for tasks of the specialist in the field of internal exposure dosimetry

• • Occupational exposure:
    • Normative and methodical documents:
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Dosimetric monitoring. Coefficients used to calculate the effective dose of internal exposure (SOU NAEK 106:2015), the standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2015
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Dosimetric monitoring. Assessment of the effective dose of internal exposure of NPP personnel on the basis of bioassay measurements. Guidance (SOU NAEK 105:2015), standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2015
      • Guidelines for the organization and carrying out of individual dosimetric monitoring at NPPs (SOU‑N YaEK 1.029:2011), Normative document of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry, 2011
      • Individual monitoring of internal exposure of personnel involved in work at the Shelter object. Guidelines, 2007
      • Sanitary rules for radiation safety during the execution and design of work at the Shelter object (SPRB-OU) (STP 3.014-2004), the standard of Chornobyl NPP, 2004
      • The procedure for calculating the doses of normal and potential exposure of the personnel during the planning and design of work at the Shelter Object, 2004
    • Software:
      • DoseCalc – System for analysis of the results of the individual monitoring of internal exposure of NPP personnel
      • IMIE – Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure
      • FCT – Functional complex for tasks of the specialist in the field of internal exposure dosimetry

• Existing exposure situation(as a rule, “post-accident” conditions, for example, after the Chernobyl accident):
  • Normative and methodical documents:
    • Radiation-dosimetric passportization of settlements of the territory of Ukraine exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of the ChNPP accident, 2019
    • Reconstruction and prediction of doses to the population living in the territories of Ukraine exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of the ChNPP accident (Methodology-97), 1997
    • Radiation-dosimetric passportization of settlements of the territory of Ukraine exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of the ChNPP accident, including thyroid dosimetric passportization (Methodology-96), 1996
  • Software:
    • FCT – Functional complex for tasks of the specialist in the field of internal exposure dosimetry
    • IDSS – Internal Dosimetry Support System
    • IMIE – Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure

• Emergency exposure situation(emergency conditions at nuclear facilities and around them)
  • Public exposure:
    • Normative and methodical documents:
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Radiation criteria for the classification of emergencies at NPPs (SOU NAEK 112:2016), the standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2016
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Methods of assessing the extent and significance of emergency atmospheric and liquid releases of nuclear power plants to the environment. General requirements (SOU NAEK 110:2016), the standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2016
      • Ensuring radiation safety. The procedure for establishing the size of the sanitary protection zone of an NPP (SOU NAEK 023:2014), standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2014
      • Requirements for determining the size and boundaries of the observation area of a nuclear power plant, 2011
      • Methods of assessing the extent and significance of emergency atmospheric releases of ChNPP to the environment, 2008
      • Criteria for radiation monitoring of emergency conditions of Chornobyl NPP, 2007
    • Software:
      • KАDО – System of operative analysis of radiation situation due to accidents at NPP
        
      • IMIE – Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure
      • FCT – Functional complex for tasks of the specialist in the field of internal exposure dosimetry
      • IDSS – Internal Dosimetry Support System

• • Occupational exposure:
    • Normative and methodical documents:
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Methods of carrying out individual dosimetric monitoring of external and internal exposure of personnel in emergency conditions (SOU NAEK 163:2018), the standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2018
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Methods of dose planning for personnel involved in emergency response (SOU NAEK 161:2018), the standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2018
      • Ensuring radiation safety. Radiation criteria for the classification of emergencies at NPPs (SOU NAEK 112:2016), the standard of NNEGC “Energoatom”, 2016
      • Guidelines for the organization and carrying out of individual dosimetric monitoring at NPPs (SOU‑N YaEK 1.029:2011), Normative document of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry, 2011
      • Methods of performing individual dosimetric monitoring of external and internal exposure of personnel in radiation emergency conditions at ChNPP, 2008
      • Methods of dose planning for personnel involved in radiation emergency response at ChNPP, 2008
      • Criteria for radiation monitoring of emergency conditions of Chornobyl NPP, 2007
    • Software:
      • DoseCalc – system for analysis of the results of the individual monitoring of internal exposure of NPP personnel
      • IMIE – Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure
      • FCT – Functional complex for tasks of the specialist in the field of internal exposure dosimetry
      • IDSS – Internal Dosimetry Support System